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Abstract Background. During pregnancy, the placenta is inaccessible for diagnosis of placental malaria (PM), but soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors (sTNFR) are elevated in the plasma of women with PM. Methods. In this study, sTNFR-1 and sTNFR-2 were quantified in urine of pregnant and nonpregnant Cameroonian women who were positive or negative for malaria by blood-smear microscopy. Results. We found that levels of both sTNFR in urine were higher in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women, but malaria-positive pregnant women excreted substantially more sTNFR-1 ( P =.005) and sTNFR-2 ( P. Urine Levels of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptors 1 and 2 Are Influenced by Malaria and Pregnancy Among all malaria-negative participants, pregnant women had higher levels of urine sTNFR-1 ( P.

Concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-α (sTNFR)-1 (A) and sTNFR-2 (B) in urine of pregnant and nonpregnant women who were slide positive or negative for Plasmodium falciparum. Soluble TNF-α receptor levels were measured in the urine of 66 women: 23 were pregnant and negative for P falciparum; 23 were pregnant but malaria negative; 10 were nonpregnant malaria positive; and 10 were nonpregnant malaria negative. Each dot indicates the concentration for 1 woman. Horizontal lines represent 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. Heights of vertical lines represent interquartile ranges. The P values were obtained from Mann-Whitney U tests.

Concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-α (sTNFR)-1 (A) and sTNFR-2 (B) in urine of pregnant and nonpregnant women who were slide positive or negative for Plasmodium falciparum. Soluble TNF-α receptor levels were measured in the urine of 66 women: 23 were pregnant and negative for P falciparum; 23 were pregnant but malaria negative; 10 were nonpregnant malaria positive; and 10 were nonpregnant malaria negative.

Each dot indicates the concentration for 1 woman. Horizontal lines represent 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. Free delphi ds150e keygen 2017 download full version 2017 free.

Heights of vertical lines represent interquartile ranges. The P values were obtained from Mann-Whitney U tests. Next, correlation between sTNFR in urine and P falciparum parasitemia was assessed. Urine levels of each soluble receptor increased with increasing peripheral parasitemia (Figure A and B), and strong positive correlations between parasitemia and urine concentrations of sTNFR-1 (Spearman r s = 0.784, P. Association between soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR) concentrations in urine and peripheral parasitemia. (A) sTNFR-1 and (B) sTNFR-2.

Malaria-positive pregnant women were categorized into 3 groups of increasing peripheral parasitemia (20 000 Plasmodium falciparum parasites/µL blood), and their urine levels of sTNFR were compared with those of malaria-negative pregnant women. The P values were determined by the Mann–Whitney U test and indicate the level of significance of the difference in sTNFR between each positive category and the negative group. Results are represented in box-and-whisker plots where horizontal lines within boxes denote medians, heights of boxes denote interquartile ranges, and bars designate range from 5th percentile to 95th percentile.

Note: pregnant women in the 3 categories of peripheral parasitemia did not differ significantly in their gestational age ( P =.246). Association between soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR) concentrations in urine and peripheral parasitemia. (A) sTNFR-1 and (B) sTNFR-2. Malaria-positive pregnant women were categorized into 3 groups of increasing peripheral parasitemia (20 000 Plasmodium falciparum parasites/µL blood), and their urine levels of sTNFR were compared with those of malaria-negative pregnant women. The P values were determined by the Mann–Whitney U test and indicate the level of significance of the difference in sTNFR between each positive category and the negative group. Results are represented in box-and-whisker plots where horizontal lines within boxes denote medians, heights of boxes denote interquartile ranges, and bars designate range from 5th percentile to 95th percentile. Note: pregnant women in the 3 categories of peripheral parasitemia did not differ significantly in their gestational age ( P =.246).