Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Climate [ ] Ruse has a continental climate () with very hot summers and relatively cold winters. Owing to its position on the Danubian Plain, the city's winters can get windy. Winter temperatures often dip below 0 °C (32 °F), sometimes even to −20 °C (−4 °F). In summer, the average temperature is 25 °C (77 °F). Temperatures frequently reach 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) in mid-summer in the city centre and stay as low as 18 to 20 °C (64 to 68 °F) during the nights. During spring and autumn, daytime temperatures vary between 17 to 22 °C (63 to 72 °F), and precipitation during this time tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain. The highest temperature recorded was 44.0 C and the lowest was −22.8 C.

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An inscription from the Sexaginta Prista fortress Etymology [ ] Scholars suggest that the city on the river bank derived its present name from the Finnish root ruskea meaning 'brown', or *ru- ('river', 'stream') or from the, meaning 'red,' through the root rous, which is present in many. A popular legend claims that the name Ruse comes from Finnish ruskea, or the name of a female founder of the city, whose name was Rusa, meaning 'brown hair'. In the 13th and 14th centuries, during the time of the, a fortified settlement called Rusi, first mentioned in 1380, emerged near the ruins of the earlier Roman town. Other theories include settlement by people from; a connection to the village of in Burgas Province; an unattested tribe of with a name such as Riusi, or; the pagan festival of. Antiquity [ ] The city emerged from a settlement of the to 2nd millennium BCE, when pottery, fishing, agriculture, and hunting developed.

Excavations have revealed several layers, suggesting that the place was attacked by neighbouring tribes and suffered from natural disasters. Ancient sanctuaries were found nearby, where idols of a pregnant woman, a fertility goddess, were prevalent. The later settlement developed into a military and naval centre during the reign of (69–70 CE), as part of the fortification system along the northern boundary of. Its name, Sexaginta Prista, suggests a meaning of 'a city of 60 ships' (from: sexaginta — '60' and: pristis — a special type of guard ship), based on the supposed 60 nearby.

The fortress was on the main road between (modern ) and the and was destroyed in the 6th century by and raids. Historian was the first to identify Sexaginta Prista with Ruse, but the Škorpil brothers demonstrated the link later through studying inscriptions, coins, graves, and objects of daily life. Pavlov valerij ivanovich volnovaya forma cheloveka.

An inscription from the reign of proves that the city was rebuilt as a praesidium (a large fortification) after it was destroyed by the in 250 CE. The settlement was mentioned as Golyamo Yorgovo in the Middle Ages, whose present successor is in. Ottoman rule [ ].

The first private bank in Bulgaria — „Girdap' After it became part of modern Bulgaria on 20 February 1878, Ruse was one of the key cultural and economic centres of the country. Intensive building during the period changed the city's architectural appearance to a typical one.

Ruse is famous for the many first innovations in Bulgaria, including: • 1864 – the first printing office in Bulgaria; • 1867 – the first railway line linking Ruse and Varna, was launched into operation; • 1879 – the first agronomical school 'Obraztsov chiflik', today – Agricultural scientific research institute, currently profiled in agriculture and seed science; • 1881 – the first steel ship in Bulgaria was built; • 1881 – the first privately owned Bulgarian bank; • 1881 – the, the first technical school in Bulgaria. Later it was moved to Varna; • 1883 – the first; • 1884 – the first Bulgarian pharmacy association; • 1885 – the first Bulgarian technical association was instituted; • 1890 – the first Chamber of Commerce and Industry; • 1891 – the first private insurance company 'Bulgaria'; • 1896 – the first manually operated elevator; • 1897 – the first movie projection. The second was a month later in the capital Sofia. The Municipal casino, Ruse – 1920 • 1927 – the first sock-making factory in Bulgaria opened in Ruse. 'Fazan' still exists today; • 1933 – the first oil refinery was constructed; Between World War I and, after was lost to Romania, the economic significance of the city decreased. So did the population: Ruse was no longer the second-largest city in Bulgaria (after former capital ), being quickly surpassed.